被动句的译法
(1) 汉语中有 被/由/叫/挨/让/给/受/遭 等词时,可译成英语被动句.
他常被派做这项工作. He is often sent to do this work.
你叫雨淋湿了. Have been wetted in the rain.
这孩子昨天挨来了一顿批评. The boy was criticized yesterday.
我们的衣服给汗水湿透了. Our clothes were soaked with sweat.
东西受潮了. The things have been affected with damp.
他们去年遭了灾. They were hit by a natural calamity last year.
(2) 不带标记的汉语被动句
有些句子的主语不是动词的执行者,而是动作的承受者,结构上是主动的,但含义上确是被动的,英译时用被动句处理.
历史是人民创造的. History is made by the people.
这首歌是我一个朋友谱写的. The song was composed by a friend of mine.
这个问题必须予以处理. This matter must be dealt with.
这座桥将在今年年底建成.
The construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.
(3) 汉语某些习语的译法:
有些汉语习语,语态上是主动的,但英译时要用被动语态,特别是英语中以IT作形式主语的句式.
应该说,基本情况是健康的. It should be said that the situation is basically sound.
据报,敌人当时离那里只有十里.It is reported that the enemy were ten li away.
很明显,这计划应当取消. It is obvious that the plan should be scrapped.