bsp;the hard linear edges and pure, fine areas
of color that were so much a part of the overall aesthetic of the time. The notion that an
artist could or would dash off an idea in a fit of spontaneous inspiration was
completely alien to these deliberately produced works.
Furthermore, making these paintings was so time-consuming that it demanded
assistance. All such work was done by collective enterprise in the workshops. The
painter or master who is credited with having created painting may have designed
the work and overseen its production, but it is highly unlikely that the artist’s hand
applied every stroke of the brush. More likely, numerous assistants, who had been
trained to imitate the artist’s style, applied the paint. The carpenter’s shop probably
provided the frame and perhaps supplied the panel, and yet another shop supplied the
gold. Thus, not only many hands , but also many shops were involved in the final
product.
In spite of problems with their condition, restoration, and preservation many panel
paintings have survived, and today many of them are housed in museum collections. 11. What aspect of panel paintings does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Famous examples
(B) Different styles
(C) Restoration
(D) Production
12. According to the passage, what does the first step in making a panel painting ?
(A) Mixing the paint
(B) Preparing the panel
(C) Buying the gold leaf
(D) Making ink drawings
13. The word "it" in line 4 refers to .
(A) chalk
(B) composition
(C) artist
(D) surface
14. The word "deliberate" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) decisive
(B) careful
(C) natural
(D) unusual
15. Which of the following processes produced the translucent colors found on panel paintings?
(A) Joining wooden planks to form large sheets
(B) Polishing the gesso
(C) Applying many layers of paint
(D) Covering the ba
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