ckground with gold leaf
16. What characteristic of tempera paint is mentioned in the passage ?
(A) It dries quickly
(B) It is difficut to make
(C) It dissolves easily
(D) It has to be applied directly to wood
17. The word "demanded" in line 17 is closest in meaning to
(A) ordered
(B) reported
(C) required
(D) questioned
18. The "collective enterprise" mentioned in line 18 includes all of the following EXCEPT
(A) supplying the gold leaf
(B) building the panels
(C) applying the paint
(D) selling the painting
19. The word "imitate" in line 22 is closest in meaning to
(A) copy
(B) illustrate
(C) promote
(D) believe in
20. The author mentions all of the following as problems with the survival of panel painting EXCEPT
(A) condition
(B) theft
(C) preservation
(D) restoration
21. The word "them" in line 27 refers to
(A) problems
(B) condition, restoration, preservation
(C) panel paintings
(D) museum collections
Question 22——32
Crows are probably the most frequently met and easily identifiable members of the native fauna of the United States . The great number of tales, legends, and myths about these birds indicates that people have been exceptionally interested in them for a long time. On the other hand, when it comes to substantive —— particularly behavioral —— information, crows are less well known than many comparably common species and, for that matter, not a few quite uncommon ones: the endangered California condor, to cite one obvious example. There are practical reasons for this. Crows are notoriously poor and aggravating subjects for field research. Keen observers and quick learners, they are astute about the intentions of other creatures, including researchers, and adept at avoiding them. Because they are so numerous, active, and monochromatic, it is difficult to distinguish one crow from another. Bands, radio transmitters, or other identifying devices can be attached to them , but this of course requires catching live crows, who are among the wariest and most untrappable of birds. Technical difficulties aside , crow research is daunting because the ways of these birds are so complex and various. As preeminent is generalists, members of this species ingeniously exploit a great range of habitats and resources, and they can quickly adjust to changes in their circumstances. Being so educable, individual birds have markedly different interests and inclinations, strategies and scams. For example, one pet crow learned how to let a dog out of its kennel by pulling the pin on the door. When the dog escaped, the bird went into the
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