(A) The development of science and of industry is now interdependent.
(B) Basic scientific research cannot generate practical applications.
(C) Industries should spend less money on research and development.
(D) Science and technology are becoming more separate.
Questions 29-39
The economic depression in the late-nineteenth-century United States
contributed
significantly to a growing movement in literature toward realism and
naturalism. After the
1870' s, a number of important authors began to reject the romanticism that
had prevailed
Line immediately following the Civil War of 1861-1865 and turned instead to
realism.
(5) Determined to portray life as it was, with fidelity to real life and
accurate representation
without idealization, they studied local dialects, wrote stories which focused
on life in
specific regions of the country, and emphasized the "true"
relationships between people. In
doing so, they reflected broader trends in the society, such as
industrialization,
evolutionary theory which emphasized the effect of the environment on humans,
and the
(10) influence of science.
Realists such as Joel Chandler Harris and Ellen Glasgow depicted life in the
South;
Hamlin Garland described life on the Great Plains; and Sarah One Jewett wrote
about
everyday life in rural New England. Another realist, Bret Harte, achieved fame
with stories
that portrayed local life in the California mining camps.
(15) Samuel Clemens, who adopted the pen name Mark Twain, became the country's
most
outstanding realist author, observing life around him with a humorous and
skeptical eye. In
his stories and novels, Twain drew on his own experiences and used dialect and
common
speech instead of literary language, touching off a major change in American
prose style.
Other writers became impatient even with realism. Pushing evolutionary theory
to its
(20) limits, they wrote of a world in which a cruel and merciless environment
determined
human fate. These writers, called naturalists, often focused on economic
hardship,
studying people struggling with poverty, and other aspects of urban and
industrial life.
Naturalists brought to their writing a passion for direct and honest
experience.
Theodore Dreiser, the foremost naturalist writer, in novel
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