21.If the still lifes all appear on consecutive pages, which of the following must be true?
(A) A still life appears on page 1.
(B) A still life appears on page 5.
(C) J appears on page 6.
(D) T appears on page 4.
(E) W appears on page 5
22.If F and H, not necessarily in that order, appear on consecutive pages, which of the following can be true?
(A) J appears on page 1
(B) J appears on page 5
(C) R appears on page 6
(D) W appears on page 1
(E) W appears on page 5
23.The organizers of tomorrow's outdoor concert announced that it will go on tomorrow on schedule unless bad weather is forecast or too few advance tickets are sold. If the concert is canceled, refunds will be made to ticket holders. Since some ticket holders have already been issued refunds even though more than enough advance tickets were sold, it must be the case that bad weather is forecast.
Which of the following is an error of reasoning contained in the argument?
(A) It proceeds as if a condition, which by itself is enough to guarantee a certain result, is the only condition under which that result would occur.
(B) It bases a conclusion that is known to require two conditions on evidence that bears on only one of those conditions.
(C) It explains one event as being caused by another event, even though both events must actually have been caused by some third, unidentified event.
(D) It treats evidence for the absence of one condition under which a circumstance would occur as conclusive evidence that that circumstance will not occur.
(E) Evidence given to support the conclusion actually undermines it.
24. Although the prevailing supposition has been that it is too hot for microorganisms to survive deep below the Earth's surface, some scientists argue that there are living communities of microorganisms there that have been cut off from surface life for millions of years. These scientists base their argument on the discovery of living microorganisms in samples of material that were taken from holes drilled as deep as 1.74 miles. The scientists' argument depends on which of the following assumptions?
(A)The microorganisms brought up were of a species that is related to those previously
known to science.
(B)No holes have been drilled into the Earth's surface to a distance deeper than 1.74 miles
(C)The microorganisms did not come from surface soil that came into contact with the drilling equipment.
(D) The stratum from which the samples came has been below the surface of the Earth ever since the Earth came into existence.
(E) The temperature at the bottom of the holes drilled was not significantly hotter than that of the hottest spots on the Earth's surface.
25. For 20 years all applicants for jobs as technicians at EquipCorp were required to demonstrate that they could operate and repair the machinery that was central to
EquipCorp's manufacturing business. Now, however, that particular machinery is obsolete, and very different machinery fills the central role. Therefore, the old requirement is no longer a useful method for evaluating whether applicants for jobs as technicians at EquipCorp have the skills necessary for the job.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) The machinery that is now obsolete was used by a large number of manufacturing companies before it became obsolete.
(B) Among the people already holding jobs as technicians at Equip Corp, those who are most skillful at operating the new machinery had been some of the least skillful at operating the old machinery
(C) Most people applying for jobs as technicians today have much broader skills than did people applying for jobs as technicians 20 years ago.
(D) The skills required to operate and repair the obsolete machinery are useful in operating and maintaining many other types of machinery at EquipCorp that are not obsolete.
(E) Much of the machinery that EquipCorp now uses in manufacturing is very likely to become obsolete within the next 20 years.