Passage 55
Some observers have attributed the dramatic growth in temporary employment that occurred in the United states during the 1980‘s to increased participation in the workforce by certain groups，such as first-time or（5）reentering workers， who supposedly prefer such arrangements. However，statistical analyses reveal that demographic changes in the workforce did not correlate withvariations in the total number of temporary workers.
Instead，these analyses suggest that factors affecting.（10）employers account for the rise in temporary employ-ment. One factor is product demand：temporary employment is favored by employers who are adaptingto fluctuating demand for products while at the sametime seeking to reduce overall labor costs. Another（15）factor is labor‘s reduced bargaining strength，whichallows employers more control over the terms ofemployment. Given the analyses，which reveal thatgrowth in temporary employment now far exceeds thelevel explainable by recent workforce entry rates of（20）groups said to prefer temporary jobs，firms should bediscouraged from creating excessive numbers of tem-porary positions. Government policymakers shouldconsider mandating benefit coverage for temporaryemployees，promoting pay equity between temporary（25）and permanent workers，assisting labor unions in orga-nizing temporary workers， and encouraging firms toassign temporary jobs primarily to employees whoexplicitly indicate that preference.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
（A） present the results of statistical analyses and propose further studies.
（B） explain a recent development and predict its eventual consequences.
（C） identify the reasons for a trend and recommend measures to address it.
（D） outline several theories about a phenomenon and advocate one of them
（E） describe the potential consequences of implementing a new policy and argue in favor of that policy.
2. According to the passage， which of the following is true of the “factors affecting employers” that are mentionedin lines 9-10？
（A） Most experts cite them as having initiated the growth in temporary employment that occurred during the 1980‘s.
（B） They may account for the increase in the total number of temporary workers during the 1980‘s.
（C） They were less important than demographic change in accounting for the increase of temporary employment during the 1980‘s.
（D） They included a sharp increase in the cost of labor during the 1980‘s.
（E） They are more difficult to account for than at other factors involved in the growth of temporary employment during the 1980‘s.
3. The passage suggests which of the following about the use of temporary employment by firms during the1980‘s？
（A） It enabled firms to deal with fluctuating productdemand far more efficiently than they before the1980‘s.
（B） It increased as a result of increased participation in th
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