Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack German researchers have____1____a new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protection____2____sudden death from cardiac arrest.
In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these cases____3____by disruption to the heart’s rhythm. Those most at risk are patients who have____4____suffered a heart attack, and for____5____years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in intervening within seconds. These devices____6____a range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.
Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator____7____of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram (ECG) within the body. This integrated system allows early diagnosis of____8____blood-flow problems and a pending heart attack. It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year. Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data____9____.
The overwhelming____10____of patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs. “Many of the current programs only____11____into account a linear correlation of the data. We are, however, making use____12____a non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “____13____changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based____14____600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to show____15____the new software evaluates the data considerably better.
1. A) come up B) come up with C) come up to D) come up against
2. A) to B) for C) with D) from
3. A) are caused B) caused C) are to cause D) have been
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