(斯福总统内务部部长1941年面对纳粹德国的侵略发表演讲)
美国人代表什么？ What is an American ?
Harold Ickes
May 18， 1941
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?This remarkable speech was delivered during an "I am an American" day meeting in New York’s Central Park by Harold Ickes， President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Secretary of the Interior. It came at a perilous moment in history， May of 1941， when Adolf Hitler and the Nazis seemed headed toward possible world domination.
By this time， countries that had fallen to the Nazis included: Austria， Czechoslovakia， Poland， Norway， Denmark， France， Belgium， Luxembourg， the Netherlands， and areas in North Africa. Airfields and cities in England were now under ferocious air attack from the German Luftwaffe while wolf-packs of Nazi U-boats attempted to blockade the British Isles.
Many Americans， however， still questioned the wisdom and necessity of direct U.S. involvement in the European War. Pacifist sentiment was growing， while at the same time Fascism was sometimes referred to as the "wave of the future" by respected Americans， amid the onslaught of effective anti-democratic Fascist propaganda.
In this speech， Harold Ickes counters that propaganda， defines what it means to be a free American， and offers a blunt assessment of the perilous future the U.S. would face standing alone against a victorious Hitler.
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Harold Ickes:
I want to ask a few simple questions. And then I shall answer them.
What has happened to our vaunted idealism? Why have some of us been behaving like scared chickens? Where is the million-throated， democratic voice of America?
For years it has been dinned into us that we are a weak nation; that we are an inefficient people; that we are simple-minded. For years we have been told that we are beaten， decayed， and that no part of the world belongs to us any longer.
Some amongst us have fallen for this carefully pickled tripe. Some amongst us have fallen for this calculated poison. Some amongst us have begun to preach that the "wave of the future" has passed over us and left us a wet， dead fish.
They shout--from public platforms in printed pages， through the microphones--that it is futile to oppose the "wave of the future." They cry that we Americans， we free Americans nourished on Magna Carta and the Declaration of Independence， hold moth-eaten ideas. They exclaim that there is no room for free men in the world any more and that only the slaves will inherit the earth. America--the America of Washington and Jefferson and Lincoln and Walt Whitman--they say， is waiting for the undertaker and all the hopes and aspirations that have gone into the making of America are dead too.
However， my fellow citizens， this is not the real point of the story. The real point--the shameful point--is that many of us are listening to them and some of us almost believe them.
I say that it is time for the great American people to raise its voice and cry out in mighty triumph what it is to be an American. And why it is that only Americans， with the aid of our brave allies--yes， let’s call them "allies"--the British， can and will build the only future worth having. I mean a future， not of concentration camps， not of physical torture and mental straitjackets， not of sawdust bread or of sawdust Caesars--I mean a future when free men will live free lives in dignity and in security.
This tide of the future， the democratic future， is ours. It is ours if we show ourselves worthy of our culture and of our heritage.
But make no mistake about it; the tide of the democratic future is not like the ocean tide--regular， relentless， and inevitable. Nothing in human affairs is mechanical or inevitable. Nor are Americans mechanical. They are very human indeed.
What constitutes an American? Not color nor race nor religion. Not the pedigree of his family nor the place of his birth. Not the coincidence of his citizenship. Not his social status nor his bank account. Not his trade nor his profession. An American is one who loves justice and believes in the dignity of man. An American is one who will fight for his freedom and that of his neighbor. An American is one who will sacrifice property， ease and security in order that he and his children may retain the rights of free men. An American is one in whose heart is engraved the immortal second sentence of the Declaration of Independence.
Americans have always known how to fight for their rights and their way of life. Americans are not afraid to fight. They fight joyously in a just cause.
We Americans know that freedom， like peace， is indivisible. We cannot retain our liberty if three-fourths of the world is enslaved. Brutality， injustice and slavery， if pr